Title: 2023 - Q2- PR
Author: Travis Biedenbender

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
FORM 8-K
 
CURRENT REPORT
 
PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D)
 
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): August 2, 2023
  
Via Renewables, Inc.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
 
Delaware | | 001-36559 | | 46-5453215

(State or Other Jurisdiction
of Incorporation)

(Commission
File Number)

(IRS Employer
Identification Number)

12140 Wickchester Ln, Ste 100
Houston, Texas 77079
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
 
(Zip Code)
 
(713) 600-2600
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
 
Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:
 
☐ | Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)
☐ | Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)
☐ | Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))
☐ | Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
 
Title of each class | | Trading Symbols(s) | | Name of exchange on which registered
Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share | | VIA | | The NASDAQ Global Select Market

8.75% Series A Fixed-to-Floating Rate
Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share

VIASP

The NASDAQ Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter).
 
Emerging growth company   ☐
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.   ☐

Item 2.02 Results of Operations and Financial Condition.
 
On August 2, 2023, Via Renewables, Inc. (the “Company”) issued a press release announcing financial results for the quarter ended June 30, 2023 (the “Press Release”). The Press Release is being furnished as Exhibit 99.1 to this Current Report and is incorporated by reference herein.
 
The information in Item 2.02 of this Current Report on Form 8-K, including Exhibit 99.1, is being “furnished” and not “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, and is not incorporated by reference into any registration statement filed by the Company under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), or the Exchange Act, unless specifically identified therein as being incorporated by reference.
 
Item 9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits.
 
(d) Exhibits
 
Exhibit No. | | Description
99.1 | | Press Release of Via Renewables, Inc. August 2, 2023
104 | | Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
 
2
 
EXHIBIT INDEX
 
Exhibit No. | | Description
99.1 | | Press Release of Via Renewables, Inc. August 2, 2023
104 | | Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
 
3
 
SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
 
Dated: August 3, 2023
 
Via Renewables, Inc. |
By: | /s/ Mike Barajas |
Name: | Mike Barajas |
Title: | Chief Financial Officer |
 
4
 
SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

Dated: August 3, 2023
Via Renewables, Inc.
By: | | /s/ Mike Barajas
Name: | | Mike Barajas
Title: | | Chief Financial Officer

EXHIBIT 99.1
Via Renewables, Inc. Reports Second Quarter 2023 Financial Results
HOUSTON, August 2, 2023 (ACCESSWIRE) -- Via Renewables, Inc. ("Via Renewables" or the "Company") (NASDAQ: VIA, VIASP), an independent retail energy services company, today reported financial results for the quarter ended June 30, 2023. 
Key Highlights
•	Reported $19.1 million in Net Income and $12.0 million in Adjusted EBITDA for the second quarter
•	Achieved $45.5 million in Gross Profit and $30.7 million in Retail Gross Margin for the second quarter
•	Total RCE count of 346,000 as of June 30, 2023, up from 339,000 as of March 31, 2023
•	Total liquidity of $86.3 million as of June 30, 2023

"We are proud to announce another strong quarter marked by organic growth in our customer book and continued financial discipline. Our proactive efforts in expanding our customer base allowed us to increase our RCEs for the second consecutive quarter " said Keith Maxwell, Via Renewables’ President and Chief Executive Officer.

Summary Second Quarter 2023 Financial Results 

Net Income for the quarter ended June 30, 2023, was $19.1 million compared to Net Income of $12.5 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2022. The increase, compared to the prior year, was largely the result of an increase in the mark-to-market on our hedges, partially offset by an increase in G&A expense and income tax expense.
For the quarter ended June 30, 2023, Via Renewables reported Adjusted EBITDA of $12.0 million compared to Adjusted EBITDA of $13.3 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2022. The decrease was driven by a $4.4 million one time add back related to Winter Storm Uri in the second quarter of 2022 coupled with a $4.1 million increase in G&A expense, excluding non-cash compensation expense. This was largely offset by a $7.0 million increase in Retail Gross Margin.
For the quarter ended June 30, 2023, Via Renewables reported Gross Profit of $45.5 million compared to Gross Profit of $35.4 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2022. The increase, compared to the prior year, was predominately the result of an increase in the mark-to-market on our hedges and an increase in Retail Gross Margin for our retail electricity segment. The increase was partially offset by the $9.6 million add back to Retail Gross Margin related to Winter Storm Uri in the second quarter of 2022.
For the quarter ended June 30, 2023, Via Renewables reported Retail Gross Margin of $30.7 million compared to Retail Gross Margin of $23.7 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2022. The $7.0 million increase in Retail Gross Margin was mainly due to higher unit margins for both retail electricity and natural gas coupled with higher natural gas volumes. This was partially offset by decreased retail electricity volumes.
($ in thousands) | June 30, 2023
Cash and cash equivalents | $	47,059
Senior Credit Facility Availability ^(1) | 19,272
Subordinated Debt Facility Availability ^(2) | 20,000
Total Liquidity | $	86,331
(1) Reflects amount of Letters of Credit that could be issued based on existing covenants as of June 30, 2023.
(2) The availability of the Subordinated Facility is dependent on our Founder's discretion.

Dividend
On July 19, 2023, we declared a dividend in the amount of $0.75922 per share for the Series A Preferred Stock, which will be paid on October 16, 2023 to holders of record on October 1, 2023. The Company previously elected to suspend its common stock dividend seeking to enhance its financial flexibility and improve its ability to manage market volatility while focusing on strengthening its balance sheet and investing in both organic and inorganic customer growth. Via Renewables will continue to closely monitor market conditions and the Board will thoughtfully evaluate the timing of for reinstatement of the Class A common stock dividend.  
Business Outlook
Mr. Maxwell concluded, "We’re strengthening our balance sheet which gives us additional financial flexibility as we navigate the ERCOT summer months. We've been able to lower our total debt and increase our liquidity over the three months ending June 30, 2023. Our objective is to build on this favorable momentum throughout the remainder of the year to ensure long term sustainable growth for our shareholders."
Conference Call and Webcast
Via will host a conference call to discuss Second Quarter 2023 results on Thursday, August 3, 2023, at 10:00 AM Central Time (11:00 AM Eastern).
A live webcast of the conference call can be accessed from the Events page of the Via Renewables Investor Relations website at https://viarenewables.com/. An archived replay of the webcast will be available for twelve months following the live presentation.
About Via Renewables, Inc.
Via Renewables, Inc. is an independent retail energy services company founded in 1999 that provides residential and commercial customers in competitive markets across the United States with an alternative choice for natural gas and electricity. Headquartered in Houston, Texas, Via Renewables currently operates in 103 utility service territories across 20 states and the District of Columbia. Via Renewables offers its customers a variety of product and service choices, including stable and predictable energy costs and green product alternatives. 
 
We use our website as a means of disclosing material non-public information and for complying with our disclosure obligations under Regulation FD. Investors should note that new materials, including press releases, updated investor presentations, and financial and other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission are posted on the Via Renewables Investor Relations website at  https://viarenewables.com/. Investors are urged to monitor our website regularly for information and updates about the Company. 
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward Looking Statements
This earnings release contains forward-looking statements that are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control. These forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology including “may,” “should,” “could,” “likely,” “will,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “continue,” “plan,” “intend,” “project,” or other similar words. All statements, other than statements of historical fact, included in this earnings release are forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements include statements regarding the impacts of Winter Storm Uri, cash flow generation and liquidity, business strategy, prospects for growth and acquisitions, outcomes of legal proceedings, the timing, availability, ability to pay and implied amount of cash dividends and distributions on our Class A common stock and Series A Preferred Stock, future operations, financial position, estimated revenues and losses, projected costs, prospects, plans, objectives, beliefs of management, availability and terms of capital, competition, government regulation and general economic conditions. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot give any assurance that such expectations will prove correct.
The forward-looking statements in this earnings release are subject to risks and uncertainties. Important factors that could cause actual results to materially differ from those projected in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:
•	our ability to remediate the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, the identification of any additional material weakness in the future or otherwise failing to maintain an effective system of internal controls;
•	the ultimate impact of Winter Storm Uri, including future benefits or costs related to ERCOT market securitization efforts, and any corrective action by the State of Texas, ERCOT, the Railroad Commission of Texas, or the Public Utility Commission of Texas; 
•	changes in commodity prices, the margins we achieve and interest rates;
•	the sufficiency of risk management and hedging policies and practices;
•	the impact of extreme and unpredictable weather conditions, including hurricanes, heat waves and other natural disasters;
•	federal, state and local regulations, including the industry's ability to address or adapt to potentially restrictive new regulations that may be enacted by public utility commissions;
•	our ability to borrow funds and access credit markets;
•	restrictions and covenants in our debt agreements and collateral requirements;
•	credit risk with respect to suppliers and customers;
•	our ability to acquire customers and actual attrition rates;
•	changes in costs to acquire customers;
•	accuracy of billing systems;
•	our ability to successfully identify, complete, and efficiently integrate acquisitions into our operations;
•	significant changes in, or new changes by, the independent system operators (“ISOs”) in the regions we operate;
•	competition; and
•	the “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, and other public filings and press releases.
You should review the risk factors and other factors noted throughout this earnings release that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement. All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this earnings release. Unless required by law, we disclaim any obligation to publicly update or revise these statements whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. It is not possible for us to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on the business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.
For further information, please contact:
Investor Relations:  
Stephen Rabalais, 
832-200-3727
Media Relations:  
Kira Jordan, 
832-255-7302
VIA RENEWABLES, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except per share data)
(unaudited)

| Three Months Ended June 30, | | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2023 | | 2022 | | 2023 | | 2022
Revenues: | | | | | | |
Retail revenues | $	92,621 | | $	98,347 | | $	227,746 | | $	226,405
Net asset optimization expense | (1,359) | | (1,248) | | (4,632) | | (2,152)
Other revenue | 137 | | — | | 137 | | —
Total Revenues | 91,399 | | 97,099 | | 223,251 | | 224,253
Operating Expenses: | | | | | | |
Retail cost of revenues | 45,926 | | 61,702 | | 163,367 | | 130,409
General and administrative | 16,713 | | 13,583 | | 33,938 | | 28,518
Depreciation and amortization | 1,994 | | 4,936 | | 5,330 | | 10,120
Total Operating Expenses | 64,633 | | 80,221 | | 202,635 | | 169,047
Operating income | 26,766 | | 16,878 | | 20,616 | | 55,206
Other (expense) income: | | | | | | |
Interest expense | (2,447) | | (1,820) | | (5,144) | | (3,127)
Interest and other income | 7 | | 206 | | 87 | | 255
Total other expenses | (2,440) | | (1,614) | | (5,057) | | (2,872)
Income before income tax expense | 24,326 | | 15,264 | | 15,559 | | 52,334
Income tax expense | 5,240 | | 2,730 | | 3,244 | | 8,774
Net income | $	19,086 | | $	12,534 | | $	12,315 | | $	43,560
Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests | 11,105 | | 7,916 | | 4,521 | | 25,968
Net income attributable to Via Renewables, Inc. stockholders | $	7,981 | | $	4,618 | | $	7,794 | | $	17,592
Less: Dividend on Series A Preferred Stock | 2,640 | | 1,700 | | 5,184 | | 3,651
Net income attributable to stockholders of Class A common stock | $	5,341 | | $	2,918 | | $	2,610 | | $	13,941
Net income attributable to Via Renewables, Inc. per share of Class A common stock | | | | | | |
Basic | $	1.67 | | $	0.93 | | $	0.82 | | $	4.44
Diluted | $	1.67 | | $	0.92 | | $	0.82 | | $	4.41
Weighted average shares of Class A common stock outstanding | | | | | | |
Basic | 3,205 | | 3,149 | | 3,189 | | 3,140
Diluted | 3,205 | | 3,155 | | 3,189 | | 3,158

Selected Balance Sheet Data | | |
(in thousands) | June 30, 2023 | | December 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents | $	47,059 | | $	33,658
Working capital | 80,409 | | 86,759
Total assets | 294,783 | | 330,950
Total debt | 110,000 | | 120,000
Total liabilities | 177,339 | | 214,901
Total stockholders' equity | 43,412 | | 42,570

Selected Cash Flow Data | | |
| Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands) | 2023 | | 2022
Cash flows provided by operating activities | $	34,696 | | $	12,944
Cash flows used in investing activities | (775) | | (5,160)
Cash flows used in financing activities | (22,213) | | (37,581)

Operating Segment Results | | | | | | |
(in thousands, except volume and per unit operating data) | Three Months Ended June 30, | | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2023 | | 2022 | | 2023 | | 2022
Retail Electricity Segment | | | | | | |
Total Revenues | $	74,765 | | $	82,290 | | $	157,592 | | $	170,331
Retail Cost of Revenues | 37,612 | | 50,116 | | 118,442 | | 96,276
Less: Net gain (loss) on non-trading derivatives, net of cash settlements | 14,159 | | 5,898 | | (4,313) | | 30,593
Non-recurring event - Winter Storm Uri | — | | 9,565 | | — | | 9,565
Retail Gross Margin ^(1) — Electricity | $	22,994 | | $	16,711 | | $	43,463 | | $	33,897
Volumes — Electricity (MWhs) | 457,054 | | 603,497 | | 913,331 | | 1,288,649
Retail Gross Margin ^(2) — Electricity per MWh | $	50.31 | | $	27.69 | | $	47.59 | | $	26.30
Retail Natural Gas Segment | | | | | | |
Total Revenues | $	17,856 | | $	16,057 | | $	70,154 | | $	56,074
Retail Cost of Revenues | 8,263 | | 11,586 | | 44,874 | | 34,133
Less: Net gain (loss) on non-trading derivatives, net of cash settlements | 1,947 | | (2,510) | | (2,227) | | 3,391
Retail Gross Margin ^(1) — Gas | $	7,646 | | $	6,981 | | $	27,507 | | $	18,550
Volumes — Gas (MMBtus) | 2,064,785 | | 1,943,494 | | 6,612,611 | | 6,600,612
Retail Gross Margin ^(2) — Gas per MMBtu | $	3.70 | | $	3.59 | | $	4.16 | | $	2.81

(1) Reflects the Retail Gross Margin attributable to our Retail Electricity Segment or Retail Natural Gas Segment, as applicable. Retail Gross Margin is a non-GAAP financial measure. See "Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Measures" for a reconciliation of Retail Gross Margin to most directly comparable financial measures presented in accordance with GAAP.
(2) Reflects the Retail Gross Margin for the Retail Electricity Segment or Retail Natural Gas Segment, as applicable, divided by the total volumes in MWh or MMBtu, respectively.

Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Measures
Adjusted EBITDA
We define “Adjusted EBITDA” as EBITDA less (i) customer acquisition costs incurred in the current period, plus or minus (ii) net (loss) gain on derivative instruments, and (iii) net current period cash settlements on derivative instruments, plus (iv) non-cash compensation expense, and (v) other non-cash and non-recurring operating items. EBITDA is defined as net income (loss) before the provision for income taxes, interest expense and depreciation and amortization. This conforms to the calculation of Adjusted EBITDA in our Senior Credit Facility.

We deduct all current period customer acquisition costs (representing spending for organic customer acquisitions) in the Adjusted EBITDA calculation because such costs reflect a cash outlay in the period in which they are incurred, even though we capitalize and amortize such costs over two years. We do not deduct the cost of customer acquisitions through acquisitions of businesses or portfolios of customers in calculating Adjusted EBITDA.

We deduct our net gains (losses) on derivative instruments, excluding current period cash settlements, from the Adjusted EBITDA calculation in order to remove the non-cash impact of net gains and losses on these instruments. We also deduct non-cash compensation expense that results from the issuance of restricted stock units under our long-term incentive plan due to the non-cash nature of the expense. 

We adjust from time to time other non-cash or unusual and/or infrequent charges due to either their non-cash nature or their infrequency. We have historically included the financial impact of weather variability in the calculation of Adjusted EBITDA. We will continue this historical approach, but during the first quarter of 2021 we incurred a net pre-tax financial loss of $64.9 million due to Winter Storm Uri. This loss was incurred due to uncharacteristic extended sub-freezing temperatures across Texas combined with the impact of the pricing caps ordered by ERCOT. We believe this event is unusual, infrequent, and non-recurring in nature. 

As our Senior Credit Facility is considered a material agreement and Adjusted EBITDA is a key component of our material covenants, we consider our covenant compliance to be material to the understanding of our financial condition and/or liquidity. Our lenders under our Senior Credit Facility allowed $60.0 million of the $64.9 million pre-tax storm loss incurred in the first quarter of 2021 to be added back as a non-recurring item in the calculation of Adjusted EBITDA for our Debt Covenant Calculations. We received a $0.4 million credit from ERCOT for Winter Storm related losses during the third quarter of 2021, resulting in a net pre-tax storm loss of $64.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. In June 2022, we received $9.6 million from ERCOT related to PURA Subchapter N Securitization financing. For consistent presentation of the financial impact of Winter Storm Uri, $5.2 million of the $9.6 million is reflected as non-recurring items reducing Adjusted EBITDA for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022.

We believe that the presentation of Adjusted EBITDA provides information useful to investors in assessing our liquidity and financial condition and results of operations and that Adjusted EBITDA is also useful to investors as a financial indicator of our ability to incur and service debt, pay dividends, and fund capital expenditures. Adjusted EBITDA is a supplemental financial measure that management and external users of our consolidated financial statements, such as industry analysts, investors, commercial banks and rating agencies, use to assess the following:

•	our operating performance as compared to other publicly traded companies in the retail energy industry, without regard to financing methods, capital structure, historical cost basis and specific items not reflective of ongoing operations;
•	the ability of our assets to generate earnings sufficient to support our proposed cash dividends; 
•	our ability to fund capital expenditures (including customer acquisition costs) and incur and service debt; and
•	our compliance with financial debt covenants in our Senior Credit Facility.

Retail Gross Margin
We define retail gross margin as gross profit less (i) net asset optimization revenues (expenses), (ii) net gains (losses) on non-trading derivative instruments, (iii) net current period cash settlements on non-trading derivative instruments and (iv) gains (losses) from non-recurring events (including non-recurring market volatility). Retail gross margin is included as a supplemental disclosure because it is a primary performance measure used by our management to determine the performance of our retail natural gas and electricity segments as a result of recurring operations. As an indicator of our retail energy business’s operating performance, retail gross margin should not be considered an alternative to, or more meaningful than, gross profit, its most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP.
We believe retail gross margin provides information useful to investors as an indicator of our retail energy business's operating performance.  

We have historically included the financial impact of weather variability in the calculation of Retail Gross Margin. We will continue this historical approach, but during the first quarter of 2021 we added back the $64.9 million net financial loss incurred related to Winter Storm Uri, as described above, in the calculation of Retail Gross Margin because the extremity of the Texas storm combined with the impact of unprecedented pricing mechanisms ordered by ERCOT is considered unusual, infrequent, and non-recurring in nature. In June 2022, we received $9.6 million from ERCOT related to PURA Subchapter N Securitization financing. The $9.6 million is reflected as a non-recurring item reducing Retail Gross Margin for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 for consistent presentation of the financial impacts of Winter Storm Uri. 

Our non-GAAP financial measures of Adjusted EBITDA and Retail Gross Margin should not be considered as alternatives to net income (loss), net cash provided by (used in) operating activities, or gross profit. Adjusted EBITDA and Retail Gross Margin are not presentations made in accordance with GAAP and have limitations as analytical tools. You should not consider Adjusted EBITDA or Retail Gross Margin in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. Because Adjusted EBITDA and Retail Gross Margin exclude some, but not all, items that affect net income (loss), net cash provided by (used in) operating activities, and gross profit, and are defined differently by different companies in our industry, our definition of Adjusted EBITDA and Retail Gross Margin may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies.

Management compensates for the limitations of Adjusted EBITDA and Retail Gross Margin as analytical tools by reviewing the comparable GAAP measures, understanding the differences between the measures and incorporating these data points into management’s decision-making process.

The following tables present a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income and net cash provided operating activities for each of the periods indicated.

Reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income: | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended June 30, | | Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands) | 2023 | | 2022 | | 2023 | | 2022
Net income | $	19,086 | | $	12,534 | | $	12,315 | | $	43,560
Depreciation and amortization | 1,994 | | 4,936 | | 5,330 | | 10,120
Interest expense | 2,447 | | 1,820 | | 5,144 | | 3,127
Income tax expense | 5,240 | | 2,730 | | 3,244 | | 8,774
EBITDA | 28,767 | | 22,020 | | 26,033 | | 65,581
Less: | | | | | | |
Net, (loss) gain on derivative instruments | (667) | | 12,397 | | (43,437) | | 57,460
Net cash settlements on derivative instruments | 16,530 | | (8,708) | | 36,667 | | (21,844)
Customer acquisition costs | 1,490 | | 1,394 | | 3,263 | | 2,590
Plus: | | | | | | |
Non-cash compensation expense | 599 | | 1,571 | | 1,284 | | 1,922
Non-recurring event - Winter Storm Uri | — | | (5,162) | | — | | (5,162)
Adjusted EBITDA | $	12,013 | | $	13,346 | | $	30,824 | | $	24,135

Reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net cash provided by operating activities: | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended June 30, | | Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands) | 2023 | | 2022 | | 2023 | | 2022
Net cash provided by operating activities | $	21,636 | | $	8,361 | | $	34,696 | | $	12,944
Amortization of deferred financing costs | (207) | | (468) | | (413) | | (713)
Bad debt expense | (933) | | (809) | | (1,888) | | (1,833)
Interest expense | 2,447 | | 1,820 | | 5,144 | | 3,127
Income tax expense | 5,240 | | 2,730 | | 3,244 | | 8,774
Non-recurring event - Winter Storm Uri | — | | (5,162) | | — | | (5,162)
Changes in operating working capital | | | | | | |
Accounts receivable, prepaids, current assets | (23,788) | | (9,928) | | (37,863) | | (9,373)
Inventory | 1,367 | | 2,283 | | (2,482) | | 409
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | 10,646 | | 15,221 | | 32,233 | | 20,798
Other | (4,395) | | (702) | | (1,847) | | (4,836)
Adjusted EBITDA | $	12,013 | | $	13,346 | | $	30,824 | | $	24,135
Cash Flow Data: | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by operating activities | $	21,636 | | $	8,361 | | $	34,696 | | $	12,944
Net cash used in investing activities | $	(401) | | $	(1,562) | | $	(775) | | $	(5,160)
Net cash used in financing activities | $	(19,338) | | $	(15,056) | | $	(22,213) | | $	(37,581)

     The following table presents a reconciliation of Retail Gross Margin to Gross Profit for each of the periods indicated.

Reconciliation of Retail Gross Margin to Gross Profit | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended June 30, | | Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands) | 2023 | | 2022 | | 2023 | | 2022
Total Revenue | $	91,399 | | $	97,099 | | $	223,251 | | $	224,253
Less: | | | | | | |
Retail cost of revenues | 45,926 | | 61,702 | | 163,367 | | 130,409
Gross Profit | 45,473 | | 35,397 | | 59,884 | | 93,844
Less: | | | | | | |
Net asset optimization expense | (1,359) | | (1,248) | | (4,632) | | (2,152)
(Loss) gain on non-trading derivative instruments | (40) | | 12,067 | | (42,809) | | 55,983
Cash settlements on non-trading derivative instruments | 16,146 | | (8,679) | | 36,269 | | (21,999)
Non-recurring event - Winter Storm Uri | — | | 9,565 | | — | | 9,565
Retail Gross Margin | $	30,726 | | $	23,692 | | $	71,056 | | $	52,447
Retail Gross Margin - Retail Electricity Segment ^(1) | $	22,994 | | $	16,711 | | $	43,463 | | $	33,897
Retail Gross Margin - Retail Natural Gas Segment | $	7,646 | | $	6,981 | | $	27,507 | | $	18,550
Retail Gross Margin - Other | $	86 | | $	— | | $	86 | | $	—
(1) Retail Gross Margin for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 includes a deduction of $9.6 million related to proceeds received under an ERCOT (Winter Storm Uri) securitization mechanism in June 2022. See further discussion above.